Кривошипно-ползунный механизм 

In[7]:=

X bar[loc_: {0, 0}, rotate_: 0, scale_: 1, length_: 1, width_: .1, color_: Hue[.6, .2, .9]] := Module[{}, GraphicsGroup[{ Rotate[{ color, EdgeForm[Directive[Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5]]], (* polygon instead of rounded rectangle in case texture is needed \ *) Polygon[ Flatten[{Table[ loc + scale {width Sin[ a Pi], width Cos[a Pi]}, {a, 1, 2, 1/16}], Table[{length, 0} + loc + scale {width Sin[ a Pi], width Cos[a Pi]}, {a, 0, 1, 1/16}]}, 1]], AbsolutePointSize[5], Black, Point[loc], Point[loc + scale {length, 0}] }, rotate Degree, loc] }] ];

In[8]:=

X barFlange[loc_: {0, 0}, rotate_: 0, scale_: 1, length_: 1, width_: .1, size1_: 1, size2_: 1, color_: Hue[.6, .2, .9]] := Module[{}, GraphicsGroup[{ Rotate[{ color, EdgeForm[Directive[Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5]]], Polygon[ {loc + scale {0, -width size1 }, loc + scale {0, width size1 }, loc + scale {length, width size2 }, loc + scale {length, -width size2 }}], Lighter[color, .5], Disk[loc, scale width size1], Disk[loc + scale {length, 0}, scale width size2], (* pins *) Gray, Disk[loc, .4 scale width size1], Disk[loc + scale {length, 0}, .4 scale width size2] }, rotate Degree, loc] }] ];

In[9]:=

X dimensionLine[loc_: {0, 0}, rotate_: 0, scale_: 1, text_: "1", length_: 1, offset_: {0, 0}] := Module[{}, GraphicsGroup[{ Rotate[{ Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5], Line[{offset + loc + scale {0, 0}, offset + loc + scale {0, .1}}], Arrowheads[{-Small, Small}], Arrow[{offset + loc + scale {0, .05}, offset + loc + scale {length, .05}}], Line[{offset + loc + scale {length, 0}, offset + loc + scale {length, .1}}], Text[text, offset + loc + scale {length/2, .05}, Background -> White] }, rotate Degree, loc] }] ];

In[10]:=

X fixedHinge[loc_: {0, 0}, rotate_: 0, scale_: 1] := Module[{}, GraphicsGroup[{ Rotate[{ GrayLevel[.85], EdgeForm[Directive[Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5]]], Polygon[ Flatten[{{loc + scale {-.25, -.5}}, Table[loc + scale {.15 Sin[ a Pi], .15 Cos[a Pi]}, {a, 1.55, 2.45, .9/16}], {loc + scale {.25, -.5}}}, 1]], GrayLevel[.7], EdgeForm[], Rectangle[loc + scale {-.5, -.75}, loc + scale {.5, -.5}], Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5], Line[{loc + scale {-.5, -.5}, loc + scale {.5, -.5}}], AbsolutePointSize[5], Black, Point[{0, 0}] }, rotate Degree, loc] }] ];

In[11]:=

X slider[loc_: {0, 0}, rotate_: 0, scale_: 1, length_: 1, width_: .1, fixedLength_: 2, pos_: {0, 0}, color_: Hue[0, .2, .9]] := Module[{}, GraphicsGroup[{ Rotate[{ color, EdgeForm[{Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5]}], Rectangle[loc + pos + scale {-length, -width}, loc + pos + scale {length, width}], GrayLevel[.7], EdgeForm[], Rectangle[loc + scale {-fixedLength length, -width - .25}, loc + scale {fixedLength length, -width}], Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5], Line[{loc + scale {-fixedLength length, -width}, loc + scale {fixedLength length, -width}}], GrayLevel[.7], EdgeForm[], Rectangle[loc + scale {-fixedLength length, width + .25}, loc + scale {fixedLength length, width}], Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5], Line[{loc + scale {-fixedLength length, width}, loc + scale {fixedLength length, width}}] }, rotate Degree, loc] }] ];

In[12]:=

X plot1 = Plot[ Evaluate[{\[Lambda]1[t], \[Lambda]2[t]} /. sliderCrank], {t, 0, 10}, PlotStyle -> None, PlotLegends -> Placed[LineLegend[{Red, Blue}, {"Tension in Crank (\[Lambda]1)", "Tension in Connecting Rod (\[Lambda]2)"}], Bottom], ImageSize -> 300]; Animate[ rotate = (\[Alpha]1[t] /. sliderCrank)*(180/Pi); f1 = Graphics[{Red, Line[Map[Function[Evaluate[{#, \[Lambda]1[#]} /. sliderCrank]], Range[0, t, 0.025]]]}]; f2 = Graphics[{Blue, Line[Map[Function[Evaluate[{#, \[Lambda]2[#]} /. sliderCrank]], Range[0, t, 0.025]]]}]; {bLength, bfLength} = ({L1, L2} /. params)*0.3; Column[{ Graphics[{ (* parts *) bfAngle = ArcSin[bLength Cos[(90 - rotate) \[Degree]]/bfLength]*180/Pi; sliderLoc = {bLength Cos[rotate Pi/180] + bfLength Cos[bfAngle \[Degree]], 0}; slider[{.7, 0}, 0, .2, .7, .3, 3.5, sliderLoc - {.7, 0}, Hue[.05, .3, .9]], bar[{0, 0}, rotate, 1, bLength, .04, Hue[.6, .2, .7]], fixedHinge[{0, 0}, 0, .2], bfLoc = {bLength Sin[(90 - rotate) \[Degree]], bLength Cos[(90 - rotate) \[Degree]]}; barFlange[bfLoc, -bfAngle, 1, bfLength, .04, 2, 1.2, Hue[.6, .2, .9]], (* axis *) Black, AbsoluteThickness[.5], Arrowheads[Medium], Arrow[{{-.25, 0}, {.5, 0}}],(* x *) Arrow[{{0, -.05}, {0, .5}}],(* y *) (* dimensions *) , (* force arrow *) Opacity[1], Hue[0, 1, .8], AbsoluteThickness[2], Arrowheads[Medium], Arrow[{sliderLoc + {.35, 0}, sliderLoc + {.15, 0}}], Black, Text[Style["F(t)", 12, Italic], sliderLoc + {.37, 0}, {-1, 0}] }, PlotRange -> {{-.5, 1.5}, {-.5, .5}}, ImageSize -> 400] , Show[plot1, f1, f2]}, Alignment -> Center] , {t, 0, 10}, SaveDefinitions -> True, AnimationRunning -> False]

Моделирование движения простого кривошипно-ползунного механизма под внешним воздействием.

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Состояние кривошипно-ползунного механизма может быть полностью задано двумя углами ₁, ₂ и положением ползунка , заданным его расстоянием до начала координат.

In[1]:=

X vars = {\[Alpha]1, \[Alpha]2, z, \[Lambda]1, \[Lambda]2};

Зададим силу, действующую на ползунок.

In[2]:=

X F[t] := -1;

Уравнения движения получаются нахождением сил и применением второго закона Ньютона и . Кривошип и соединительная штанга имеют массу, а следовательно и инерцию.

In[3]:=

X s1 = Sin[\[Alpha]1[t] - \[Alpha]2[t]]; c1 = Cos[\[Alpha]1[t] - \[Alpha]2[t]]; LM = (L1 L2 m2)/2; eqns = {(J1 + m2 L1^2) \[Alpha]1''[t] + LM c1 \[Alpha]2''[t] == -LM s1 \[Alpha]2'[t] - (L1 Cos[\[Alpha]1[t]] \[Lambda]1[t] + L1 Sin[\[Alpha]1[t]] \[Lambda]2[t]), LM c1 \[Alpha]1''[t] + J2 \[Alpha]2''[t] == LM s1 \[Alpha]1'[t]^2 - (L2 Cos[\[Alpha]2[t]] \[Lambda]1[t] + L1 Sin[\[Alpha]2[t]] \[Lambda]2[t]), m3 z''[t] == -F[t] - \[Lambda]2[t]};

Алгебраические уравнения определяют геометрию системы.

In[4]:=

X constraints = ({ {L1 Sin[\[Alpha]1[t]] + L2 Sin[\[Alpha]2[t]] == 0}, {z[t] - L1 Cos[\[Alpha]1[t]] - L2 Cos[\[Alpha]2[t]] == 0} });

Зададим физические параметры системы. Здесь и обозначают моменты инерции.

In[5]:=

X params = {J1 -> 4.5, J2 -> 5.5, m1 -> 1, m2 -> 1, m3 -> 1, L1 -> 1, L2 -> 2, g -> 9.81};

Решаем систему и визуализируем решение.

In[6]:=

X {sliderCrank} = NDSolve[{eqns, constraints, \[Alpha]1[0] == Pi/4, \[Alpha]1'[0] == -1} /. params, vars, {t, 0, 20}, Method -> {"IndexReduction" -> Automatic}];

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