lm = LinearModelFit[data, {treatment, time}, {treatment, time},
NominalVariables -> treatment];
Grid[{{lm["ANOVATable"]}, {Show[
ListPlot[Drop[GatherBy[Sort[data], First], None, None, 1],
PlotRange -> All],
Plot[Evaluate[Map[lm[#, t] &, groups]], {t, 0, 10}]]}}]